Everything Nac

Dr. Matibur Zamadar, Stephen F. Austin State University associate professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, has received a patent from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for his invention regarding therapeutic treatment of bacteria and cancers, and fluorescence diagnosis.

Zamadar’s invention relates to methods and compositions for therapeutic treatment to slow or stop the progression of bacteria and cancers, and fluorescence diagnosis.

“Traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation and traditional chemotherapy, have limitations,” Zamadar said. “In general, these treatments lack selectivity for removing or killing malignant tumor tissues and are costly, highly invasive and/or administer toxic treatments.”

Zamadar said studies project worldwide cancer-related deaths will increase 70% by 2040. With cancer-related deaths on the rise, there is a need for improved, nontoxic, noninvasive, low-cost, effective cancer therapy methods enabled by compositions that can be readily prepared without specialized costly synthesis equipment or extensive training.

“This invention relates to multifunctional treatment compositions and methods that can potentially help cure many types of cancer,” Zamadar said. “Our data suggest the invention is very effective at producing reactive oxygen species and nontoxic chemotherapeutic agents in various cancerous cell environments, such as aerobic, anaerobic or H2O2-rich environments in the presence of or absence of light,” Zamadar said.

The invention’s significant advantage is it enables portable treatment and diagnosis under differing field conditions using kits prepared from commercially available materials. These kits can be easily stored, readily transported without activation, and then activated, as needed, at remote treatment sites, such as those in developing countries.

“It generates on-site one or more reactive oxygen species and a nontoxic chemotherapeutic agent selected from the group comprising singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, chemotherapeutic agent Juglone, or its derivatives, or combinations thereof,” Zamadar said. “This suggests that a single composition kills cancer cells via multiple mechanisms within a short treatment time, typically minutes. The composition is only effective against cancer cells. It is nontoxic to healthy cells at a low-dose level and can be used multiple times with no side effects.”

Zamadar began the patent application process in 2018. This is the first patent granted to a professor in SFA’s College of Sciences and Mathematics within the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

“The patent would not have been possible without support from SFA faculty members and students,” Zamadar said. “Dr. Michele Harris, associate dean and professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and undergraduate students, Aqeeb Ali and Jacob Herschmann, provided technical support throughout the patent process, and retired patent attorney Tom Pruitt provided his expertise to file the patent application.”

A new study led by Dr. Jason Bruck, Stephen F. Austin State University assistant professor of biology, is shedding light on how dolphins use taste and signature whistles to identify each other.

The study offers two findings:

1. Dolphins can recognize each other using urine cues, similar to how dogs sniff urine left by other dogs. But, since dolphins cannot smell, they make the identification by taste. According to Bruck, dolphins are the first vertebrate to do this, and it offers a new way to study how vertebrates identify each other through gustatory (taste) mechanisms.
2. Dolphins use signature whistles (individual acoustic calls that dolphins invent during the first year of life) in much the same way humans use names. When a dolphin hears a signature whistle, it pictures the dolphin that “owns” that whistle. This is the first time a nonhuman has been shown to use an innovated and learned acoustic label the way humans use names.

Bruck’s father is a veterinarian, and his mother was a wildlife rehabilitator in upstate New York. Since Bruck grew up around animals, it made sense that he wanted his career to focus on animals, too. By the time he was 3, Bruck knew, “I was going to be a whale or dolphin doctor. Over time, I realized I was more interested in the science of what and how animals do what they do, rather than just the straight medical aspects of whale biology.”

Trips to SeaWorld and watching fiction shows like “SeaQuest DSV” in the early 1990s led Bruck to pursue a career as a dolphin behavioral biologist focusing on dolphin communication and cognition.

Bruck graduated with his doctoral degree in behavioral biology from the University of Chicago in 2013. He has received numerous grants, authored and coauthored dozens of publications, and served as a faculty advisor/mentee to several graduate and undergraduate students. He formerly served as a visiting assistant professor of zoology and teaching assistant professor of integrative biology at Oklahoma State University and as a former Marie Curie Research Fellow at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, United Kingdom.

His recent research involving dolphins began in 2016 through a grant from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship of the European Commission. Bruck has conducted much of this research at Dolphin Quest in Bermuda, Oahu and Hawaii. These facilities offer their guests the opportunity to view, meet and experience dolphins in sheltered, natural ocean lagoon settings while supporting vital marine mammal conservation, education and scientific study.

Bruck conducts his research above water using specialized equipment, such as underwater speakers and hydrophones. And although the research has provided scientists with important information about how dolphins identify each other and communicate, it also has implications for humans.

“It is likely that dolphins use a lipid taste receptor to identify urine cues in their fellow dolphins,” Bruck said. “The gene that codes for that is called CD36. Most humans also have this gene, and it helps them determine when they have had enough to eat. Humans lacking it are at higher risk for obesity. It is possible that dolphins can offer a better way to study the molecular anatomy of CD36 to help better understand how it works in people.”

Bruck’s research regarding signature whistles piggybacks off discoveries made in the 1960s in Florida in which dolphins were shown to make different sounds when they were separated from members of their group.

“Dolphins don’t have ‘voices’ because the pitch of their calls change as they dive deeper,” Bruck said. “Past research shows that dolphins can use each other’s whistles to address individuals. My previous research has revealed that dolphins can remember these whistles for 20 or more years, and now we know they probably use them the way humans use names for recognition.”

Bruck said this portion of his research is complete, but he is back in Bermuda for part of the summer to build upon it.

“We are moving forward with signature whistle playback experiments to determine how different social relationships may be perceived in dolphin community ecology,” Bruck explained. “Something else we might investigate down the road is how commercial and industrial chemicals might affect urine cuing in dolphins. We may find that oil spills, chemical runoff and other human effects can impede the dolphins’ natural ability to chemically signal to one another. This might prevent males from identifying reproductively capable females or diminish dolphins’ abilities to recognize individuals through honest signals.”

Read more about this study at www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm7684.

Registration is underway for Junior Jacks Theatre Camp at Stephen F. Austin State University. The popular two-week School of Theatre camp is designed for children entering third through ninth grades. This year’s camp is scheduled for Monday through Friday, July 25 through 29, and Aug. 1 through 5, with play performances on Saturday, Aug. 6.

Junior Jacks was designed as a day-camp version of the highly successful High School Summer Theatre Workshop at SFA, according to Carolyn Conn, professor of theatre at SFA and the camp’s director. The fun and exciting summer camp, offered in two age groups, fills quickly, and Conn suggested parents register their children early.

“We have children representing all local and nearby schools as well as many home-schooled children,” Conn said. “There are also many repeat campers. Many Junior Jacks ‘graduates’ go on to attend the High School Summer Theatre Workshop at SFA. We also have former Junior Jack/High School Workshop participants who become theatre majors at SFA. The camp is a great introduction to what we offer in the School of Theatre.”

The camp has expanded its capacity in recent years, so more students can participate, Conn said.

“As the School of Theatre’s teacher certification program grows and has incorporated the camp into its ‘Directing for the Youth’ course, we have a large number of student directors available to work with the children,” she said. “Additional teachers mean we have room for additional campers! So, we are aiming for another increase in campers this year.”

Junior Jacks is a community outreach opportunity designed to not only introduce children to theatre, but it also allows the School of Theatre’s teacher certification students to work with students who are younger than high school age. Junior Jacks campers play theatre games and rehearse plays that will be performed at the camp’s conclusion.

Registration cost is $85 per student and $60 for each additional sibling within a single family. Needs-based scholarships may be available. The camp is co-sponsored in partnership with Nacogdoches Arts Collaborative. More information and a registration form can be found at theatre.sfasu.edu, or contact Conn at (936) 468-1031 or conncs@sfasu.edu.